NPAS4 missense mutations are linked predominantly to liver cancer (R150L, P194L, Q332K, P405L, Q547H, I639V, D647N, P679L, S683I, and S747F), skin cancer (R145C, P194S, D419N, L455F, P533S, P533L, S544N, T558I, D716N, E725K, and D730N), large intestine cancer (R159C, R172Q, P199H, L322I, and L351I) and esophagus cancer (A175T, A592V, and V710M). This evidence concerns the gene NPAS4 and liver cancer.