ACE and cardiovascular disorder: Two studies [61,66] included unmedicated patients with grade-1 hypertension, one study [62] included unmedicated stage-1 hypertension, and one study [63] included cardiac patients (coronary artery disease, mitral valve replacement, other cardiovascular diseases) referred to a specialized cardiac clinic—all the participants received antihypertensive drugs (i.e., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and diuretics).