Hypoxia, a known regulator of tumour immune response [45], served as an additional stimulus to further increase expression of Arg1, Tgf-β, Ym1 and Vegf. Ascorbate treatment, on the other hand, lowered expression of Ym1, Il-10 and Vegfa but increased Arg1 in ambient air. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.