GAD1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: We also found that the prevalence of TYK2PV in patients with type 1 diabetes was higher than in healthy controls and that TYK2PV was associated with a significant risk of type 1 diabetes (odds ratio 2.4) and of type 1 diabetes with a flu-like syndrome at disease onset (odds ratio 3.6) independent of positivity or negativity for the GAD antibody.