In this regard, in a PD cell model represented by a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line exposed to rotenone, viniferin reduced cellular apoptosis, oxidative stress and restored mitochondrial homeostasis, all underlain by SIRT3-mediated fork headbox O3 (FOXO3) deacetylation [45], with FOXO3 playing an important role in PD progression and dopaminergic neuron survival [46]. The gene discussed is FOXO3; the disease is Parkinson disease.