EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: One of the finest examples is the molecular profiling of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where the discovery of gene alterations in EGFR, ALK, ROS1 and BRAF not only led to the division of NSCLC in different subcategories with their respective prognoses, but also to the identification of specific druggable targets and a marked improvement in treatment options and survival [6].