APOE and epilepsy: With APOE4 there is higher epilepsy risk (Liang et al., 2019), particularly post trauma (Diaz-Arrastia et al., 2003; Harden, 2004), an earlier age of onset for intractable seizures (Briellmann et al., 2000; Gambardella et al., 2005; Kauffman et al., 2010) and greater memory dysfunction in patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (Gouras et al., 1997; Gambardella et al., 2005; Busch et al., 2007).