PAK6 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: It was reported that PAK6 promotes tumor progression and chemo-resistance in colon cancer and gastric cancer (GC), while decreased PAK6 expression was associated with tumor node metastasis stage progression and poor overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients (Liu et al., 2014, 2015; Chen et al., 2015; Jiang et al., 2017).