Compared with AML blasts with normal IL-3Rα expression, AML blasts with elevated IL-3Rα expression showed robust Stat5 activation, a key transcription factor in IL-3 signaling, after IL-3 stimulation (13), suggesting the expression level of IL-3Rα is essential in IL-3-mediated AML cell proliferation. The gene discussed is IL3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.