Furthermore, our lung squamous data is largely consistent with the “squamousness” characteristic alterations as described underlying all squamous tumors arising across different anatomical sites [28] — such as TP53, PIK3CA, CDKN2A, and SOX2. However, we observed a significant exception with the absence of alterations at the CCND1 loci among the squamous cell lung carcinoma patients from India compared to 7% frequency among Caucasian patients [29]. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CA and squamous cell lung carcinoma.