In PF patients, however, both levels and antibody positivity of anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies were likely to be higher in males than females, although with no statistical significance, suggesting a potential higher tendency for PF male patients to develop AITDs and thyroid antibodies, and therefore, anti-TPO and anti-Tg antibodies should possibly be monitored particularly in PF male patients, and preventive strategies for AITDs may should also be performed. The gene discussed is TPO; the disease is pemphigus foliaceus.