For anti-Tg antibody detection, our results revealed significant differences in the levels and antibody positivity of anti-Tg antibodies between genders in both PV patient groups (females: 46.70 ± 6.28 IU/ml, 44.44%; males: 16.41 ± 12.63 IU/ml, 13.33%; p = 0.0286) and controls (females: 17.92 ± 8.95 IU/ml, 28.20%; males: 1.90 ± 0.61 IU/ml, 3.84%; p = 0.0003) (Figures 4A, C), but not in PF patients (females: 35.25 ± 31.01 IU/ml, 16.67%; males: 84.95 ± 70.64 IU/ml, 42.9%; p = 0.4860) (Figures 4B, C). This evidence concerns the gene TG and acquired polycythemia vera.