More specifically, both an ERα-selective ligand [i.e. propyl pyrazole triol (PPT)] and an ERβ-selective ligand [i.e. diatylpropionitrile (DPN)] induced the proliferation of ERα-positive/ERβ-positive bladder cancer cells, but not those expressing ERα-siRNA (for PPT) and ERβ-siRNA (for DPN) (39). Here, ESR2 is linked to urinary bladder cancer.