VEGFA and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Serum VEGF-A (280 pg/mL in NSCLC patients vs. 9 pg/mL in healthy controls; p = 0.002), angiogenin (522 ng/mL in NSCLC patients vs. 414 ng/mL in healthy controls; p = 0.023), and Ang-1 (mean: 43 ng/mL in NSCLC patients vs. 2 ng/mL in healthy controls; p <  0.001) concentrations were significantly elevated in NSCLC patients compared with healthy individuals (Fig. 2).