TNF and HIV-1 infection: To assess if the D1D2CAR transduced T cells respond to HIV-1 infection, we co-incubated D1D2CAR transduced CD8+ T cells with HIV-infected or uninfected T1 cells and measured production of intracellular cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α).