Despite intensive treatment, 2 cases in the AFOP group (radiation pneumonitis and anti-MDA5 antibody-positive PM/DM) and 4 cases in the non-AFOP group (anti-PM-Scl75 antibody-positive PM/DM, RA-related NSIP, and 2 cases of ANCA-related vasculitis) died because of respiratory failure. This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and respiratory failure.