In 2015, WHO released two new guidelines that led the Malawi MOH to reconsider their TB-prevention policy for PLHIV: WHO recommended universal ART for all PLHIV regardless of CD4+ cell count (the Test and Treat strategy) and conditionally recommended at least 36 months of IPT among PLHIV in settings with high TB transmission [9,10]. Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.