In a series of renal biopsies in patients with VEGFI-associated renal toxicity, anti-VEGF-ligands (anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies and soluble VEGF decoy receptors) were predominantly associated with thrombotic microangiopathy, whereas VEGF-TKI were mainly associated with minimal change nephropathy and/or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.132,133 These renal toxicities may lead to proteinuria and sodium and water retention, further contributing to the rise in blood pressure observed during VEGFI therapy.8 This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and thrombotic microangiopathy.