Among these, we found that known cancer EMT-associated factors such as SNAI1, ZEB1, FOSL, FOSB, JUNB, NFKB1, HIC1, SMAD3, FOXC2, LMCD1, ELF4, and IRF9 were upregulated, whereas the RPE factors SOX4 and SOX10 were downregulated significantly in dissociation and/or TGF-β/TNF-α–induced RPE-EMT (Figs. 5C, D). This evidence concerns the gene SMAD3 and cancer.