Apolipoprotein M, cholesterol efflux capacity, adiponectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 have begun to emerge as key targets for researchers working in this field, and while diabetic nephropathy was the primary pathological focus for the last three years with compounds such as angiopoietin-like protein, glycation end products, and fenofibrate featuring heavily in these evaluations, we can see a recent trend toward the evaluation of bioprocesses such as cell migration, apoptosis, and fatty acid oxidation. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.