APP and Alzheimer disease: ADAM10 has been best characterized in the context of early neural development (Jorissen et al., 2010), synapse function (Prox et al., 2013) and the non-amyloid pathway which prevents accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ peptides—hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—and generates potentially neuroprotective APP α-fragments (Thornton et al., 2006; Claasen et al., 2009; Gralle et al., 2009).