APOL1 and Abnormal renal physiology: This study has replicated APOL1 gene variants: (G1)-rs73885319 and (G2)-rs71785313, shown to be strongly associated with renal dysfunction in SCD patients, as well as A1CF-rs10994860, SYPL2-rs12136063, WNT7A-rs6795744, and TMEM60-rs6465825 in Cameroonian SCD patients.