Besides SIRT1, SIRT3 is a key melatonin target verified in various animal models: SIRT3 localizes primarily to mitochondria and protects against oxidative-stress-related diseases (41), and melatonin can upregulate SIRT3 to attenuate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (17, 42) through oxidative-stress inhibition. Here, SIRT3 is linked to myocardial ischemia.