In summary, the in vitro studies using CD8+ T cells from HC demonstrated that whilst a prolonged IFNα treatment alone was able to trigger detectable metabolic rewiring, only the combined exposure of IFNα and T cell activation could phenocopy the mitochondrial and metabolic abnormalities observed in CD8+ T cells from the IFN-High SLE patients. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.