UCP1 and neoplasm: Melatonin induces autophagy in clear cell renal cell carcinoma through activating transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1A (PGC1A) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1); this is associated with the elimination of lipid deposits without generating ATP, which subsequently leads to the tumor size reduction [95].