Hemocytes are critical for innate immune signaling by mediating the secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in response to pathogens through the Toll, JAK/STAT, and Immune deficiency (Imd) pathways (Hoffmann 2003; Lemaitre and Hoffmann 2007). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 4.