CASP1 and tuberculosis: Although the increased activity of caspase-1/4/5 in monocytes from TB-IRIS patients in comparison with non-IRIS patients has been previously reported [19], to our knowledge, the present study is the first to report the association between active caspase-1/4/5 and complement cascade in patient monocytes, thereby outlining a mechanism involved in spreading inflammation observed in TB-IRIS.