ARRDC3 and infection: Moreover, our functional experiments demonstrate that while some findings, such as the requirement for CXCL2 observed in TC-83 infection, are not relevant to virulent VEEV-TrD infection, the requirement for CXCL3, EIF4A3, ATF3 and TAF7, and the potential antiviral effect of ARRDC3 may be functionally relevant to infection with both viral strains.