The direction i.e. increased versus decreased, of methylation change was similar in that and the current study for the following genes: C5orf38, CDK20, CREB5, CTSV, DISC1, ELOVL4, FGF22, HOXC12, IGSF21, IGSF9B, IRX4, MAF, S1PR1, STX8, TBX2, and TSHZ3. However, for genes ASCL2, FAM124B, FAM174B, KIF19, KIF26A, and WSCD1 both studies found significant methylation changes in the leukocyte DNA of AD cases however the direction of the methylation change was discordant between the studies [43]. The gene discussed is S1PR1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.