The observed increase in IL10 levels by anti-CTLA-4 is in accordance with previous studies where serum levels of IL10 were increased by anti-CTLA-4 treatment in malignant mesothelioma [41] and where ipilimumab enhanced the cytokine response, including IL10 and IL6 levels in small-cell lung cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy [42]. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and small cell lung carcinoma.