On the other hand, even though colonic epithelium contains no Paneth cell lineage, it has been reported that Paneth-derived lysozyme immunoactivity could be detected in colonic lumen.38 Several mouse genetic studies also demonstrate that Paneth cell depletion or defects in AMPs secretion cause increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis.17,18,39,40 Therefore, dysfunction of goblet cells and ablation of Paneth cells contribute to altered gut microbiome and colonic inflammation in Emc3ΔIEC mice. This evidence concerns the gene ADSL and colitis.