This theory fits with the finding that translation from mRNA coding for cytokines continues in necroptotic cells (triggered by TNF or viral infection) even after permeabilization of the plasma membrane to promote the recruitment of immune cells.79 In line with these findings, MLKL and RIPK3 levels in ICU patients’ peripheral blood showed little difference from those in peripheral blood from healthy donors upon arrival. This evidence concerns the gene MLKL and viral infectious disease.