It is therefore quite surprising, that in the lungs of three deceased COVID-19 patients (see Supplementary Table 3 for patient demographics and disease history), IgA or IgA2-expressing plasmablasts/plasma cells were rare, even when the patient had been affected by sepsis due to bacterial superinfection, while IgA, and in particular IgA2, -plasmablasts/plasma cells were prominent in the lungs of patients with COVID-19-unrelated pneumonia (Fig. 6a–c, Supplementary Fig. 6). This evidence concerns the gene CD79A and pneumonia.