As previously reported with Sp in control (non COPD) mice [20,31,32] and in CS-exposed mice [26], the systemic treatment with FliC in NTHi-infected mice increases the IL-22 production in the BAL and in the supernatant of restimulated pulmonary cells without increase of the number and the activation of DC and AM in the airways. The gene discussed is IL22; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.