CD4 and HIV-1 infection: Host genomic features for HIV-1 integration, such as integration into genes, introns, repeats, and CpG islands, did not differ significantly between the cell populations (activated versus resting CD4+ T cells) and were independent of both the clinical stage of HIV-1 infection (primary versus chronic HIV-1 infection) and of being on or off ART (Figure 1, A and B).