Notably, the TME was also able to be manipulated ex vivo by the direct application to cultured fragments of breast and ovarian cancer of the agonistic anti-CD137 antibody, which increased the rate of TRM-TIL outgrowth; and ICB has been shown to increase the polyclonal expansion of infiltrating CD8+ TILs and activation levels of the final T-cell product.212,213 Furthermore, the addition to expanding TILs of synthetic peptide pools of all predicted HLA-class I neoantigens improved conventional methods of TIL generation by enriching for neoantigen-specific CD8+ TILs.59 Here, CD8A is linked to ovarian cancer.