FOXF1 and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome: To date, 5 chromosomal loci have been implicated to cause ARS – 4q25, 6p25, 11p13, 13q14, 16q24, which include different genes such as PITX2, FOXC1, PAX6, and FOXF1. Based on the genetic cause and phenotypic traits, ARS can be categorized into three different types – Type 1, caused by mutations in the PITX2 gene; Type 2, unknown gene but it is believed to be located on chromosome 13 [9, 10]; and Type 3, caused by mutations in the FOXC1 gene.