Similarly, we show that CYT-low metastatic tumors associate with mutations in GALNTL5, RGPD4, DNAJC5B, DEFA3, IRF2, COL2A1, VEGFC, WFDC11, PROL1, CD80, ADAM18, APOBEC3H and CSHL1; whereas, CYT-high metastatic tumors with PPP6C, DSG1, DEFB112, SPATA16, STARD6, RARRES2 PDE1A, IQCF3, KLK8, CDKN2A, SPANXN5, C16orf90, CD48, TXNDC3 and RAC1. Here, CD48 is linked to metastatic neoplasm.