INS and Obesity: Increased BMI is also associated with an increased risk of multiple cancer types.5 In addition, obesity and overweight may increase cancer mortality.6 During last decades, we have observed a more rapid increase in obesity among adult cancer survivors compared with the general population.7 The mechanisms contributing to higher cancer incidence and mortality may include alterations in sex hormone metabolism, insulin and insulin-like growth factor levels, and adipokine pathways.8,9