NPPA and heart failure: The relative expression levels of heart failure related genes, such as Anp and Bnp, were significantly increased after TAC in both the WT (Figure 3D; P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and SKO (Figure 3D; P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) groups and were higher in the SKO-TAC group than in the WT-TAC group (Figure 3D; P < 0.05).