MTOR and renal cell carcinoma: In order to avoid activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT initiated by sole inhibition of mTORC1, novel mTOR ATP-competitive blocker AZD-2014 targeting mTORC1/2 was developed and showed superior potency to restrain RCC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro as compared with mTORC1 inhibitor (Zheng et al., 2015).