Studies have demonstrated that PTPN11 mutation in the bone marrow microenvironment, such as MSCs, promotes the development and progression of childhood MPN through the profound negative effects on HSCs (Dong et al., 2016), which demonstrated that not only tumor cell-autonomous SHP2 but also mutations in microenvironment cells leads to tumorigenesis. The gene discussed is PTPN11; the disease is neoplasm.