All TLRs except for TLR3 are able to signal through the adapter protein myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and then trigger nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-кB) activation and proinflammatory cytokine production, which have been revealed to play a pivotal role in protection against human infectious diseases (Kopp and Medzhitov, 2003; Yamamoto et al., 2003; Trejo-de la et al., 2014; Plato et al., 2015). The gene discussed is MYD88; the disease is infectious disease.