CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Treatment options for NSCLC include front-line immune checkpoint inhibitors as monotherapy, particularly in patients with programmed death receptor ligand (PD-L1) expression in >50% of tumor cells detected by immunohistochemistry (2), or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy in the advanced setting (2–4), maintenance immunotherapy for unresectable stage III disease after radical chemoradiotherapy (5) or adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy for those with high risk resected early stage NSCLC (6).