CASP3 and infection: The results indicated that the expression of apoptosis-associated signal protein caspase-3 (Figures 3(e) and 3(f)) and the contents of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6 (Figure 3(g)) were remarkably reduced by BPV treatment or LV-siPTEN infection.