TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: One of the main contributors to the BDL-induced liver fibrosis is tissue inflammation, which contributes, as liver failure develops, to the production and excretion of several inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), into the blood, culminating in a general inflammatory response and subsequent oxidative stress, and the heart is one of the major organs involved [55, 56].