In summary, we report, for the first time, that mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue of ankylosing spondylitis patients (AS/ASCs) are effective suppressors of both allogeneic and autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and, similarly to their counterparts from healthy donors (HD/ASCs), exert this antiproliferative effect mainly via soluble factors (kynurenines and PGE2). Here, CD8A is linked to ankylosing spondylitis.