STAT4 and periodontitis: STAT5B and STAT4 can be activated by a variety of cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)12, Type I Interferon (IFNI), IL23, IL2, IL27, and IL35 (Garcia de Aquino et al., 2009; Sanpaolo et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020), which are prominently involved in mediating immune responses during periodontitis.