The chemokines IL-8 (CXCL8), involved in neutrophil recruitment, MIP-1α (CCL3), and MIP-1β (CCL4) macrophage and NK cell migration, and MCP-1 (CCL2) in the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes to the site of infection (45), were elevated in serum in the acute phase regardless of the presence or not of neurological manifestations. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and infection.