Table 1 shows that patients who received insulin therapy had a longer diabetes duration, were more often women, and had more microvascular and macrovascular complications. Glycemic control was worse and BMI was higher in insulin-treated patients. Supplementary File 3 gives an overview of the types of insulin used by the study population. More than half of our population used pre-mixed insulin (see Supplementary File 3). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.