Activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in HD (Duennwald and Lindquist, 2008; Leitman et al., 2013; Kalathur et al., 2015) may be associated with the increased levels of IL-1β associated with induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome, as the NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated in both UPR-dependent and independent fashions (Menu et al., 2012; Oslowski et al., 2012). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is Huntington disease.