ALS patients’ monocytes show increased inflammatory gene expression, including NLRP3 and IL-18 (Zhao et al., 2017), and elevated in-situ expression of NLRP3, activated caspase-1 and IL-18 have been identified in post-mortem brain samples from sALS patients; however, it is unclear whether this is significant as they were compared to a single non-ALS counterpart (Kadhim et al., 2016). This evidence concerns the gene IL18 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.